The many settlement sites scattered throughout the Wupatki National Monument were built by the Ancient Pueblo People, more specifically those now referred to as the Cohonina, Kayenta Anasazi, and Sinagua. Wupatki was first inhabited around 500 AD. Wupatki, which means "Tall House" in the Hopi language, is a multistory pueblo dwelling comprising over 100 rooms and a community room and ball court, making it the largest building for nearly 50 miles.

Nearby secondary structures have also been uncovered, including two kiva-like structures. A major population influx began soon after the eruption of Sunset Crater in the 11th century (between 1040 and 1100), which blanketed the area with volcanic ash; this improved agricultural productivity and the soil's ability to retain water. By 1182, approximately 85 to 100 people lived at Wupatki Pueblo but by 1225, the site was permanently abandoned.

Based on a careful survey of archaeological sites conducted in the 1980s, an estimated 2000 immigrants moved into the area during the century following the eruption. Agriculture was based mainly on maize and squash raised from the arid land without irrigation. In the Wupatki site, the residents harvested rainwater due to the rarity of springs.

Summer at Wupatki National Monument

By: Paul S Cilwa			Page Views: 1,093
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All the photos from my summer visit to the ruins of an 800-year-old community and trading center.
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Keith had never been to Wupatki National Monument and I had only been once, in the winter. So, since we were camping adjacent to nearby Sunset Crater National Monument, we decided to take a quick look-see.